Continuum Postreading Test 30(2) April 2024 (Headache)

Contributors^a

Amy Gelfand, MD,
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Benioff Children’s Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Gelfand has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a speaker with Headache Cooperative of the Pacific. Dr Gelfand has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of Dr Gelfand has received compensation in the range of $50,000 to $99,999 for her service as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for the American Headache Society. The institution of Dr Gelfand has received research support from the Duke Clinical Research Institute and UCSF Resource Allocation Program. An immediate family member of Dr Gelfand has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000 to $99,999 for serving as an expert witness with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. An immediate family member of Dr Gelfand has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of an immediate family member of Dr Gelfand has received research support from Genentech, Inc., the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National MS Society, and Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. An immediate family member of Dr Gelfand has a noncompensated relationship as a clinical trial steering committee member with Roche/Genentech that is relevant to American Academy of Neurology (AAN) interests or activities.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Gelfand reports no disclosure.

Rebecca Burch, MD, FAHS
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Burch has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Neurology. Dr Burch has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. An immediate family member of Dr Burch has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of WellSky and has stock in WellSky.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Burch discusses the unlabeled use of metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and promethazine for the treatment of migraine pain.

Mark Burish, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, UT Health Houston, Houston, Texas

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Burish has received personal compensation in the range of $0 to $499 for serving as a consultant for Doximity, Inc. The institution of Dr Burish has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for his service as a consultant for Beckley Psytech and Praxis Precision Medicines. The institution of Dr Burish has received research support from Lundbeck.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Burish discusses the use of baclofen, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, gabapentin, lidocaine, lithium, octreotide, oxygen gas, prednisone, sodium valproate, sumatriptan nasal spray, topiramate, verapamil, warfarin, and zolmitriptan for the treatment of cluster headache and carbamazepine, duloxetine, gabapentin, IV lidocaine, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, topiramate, and verapamil for the treatment of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA), none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Deborah I. Friedman, MD, MPH, FAAN
Neuro-Ophthalmologist and Headache Specialist, Dallas, Texas

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Friedman has received personal compensation in the range of $0 to $499 for serving as a consultant for Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Axsome Therapeutics, Inc., LinPharma, and Lundbeck, as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for MedLink Neurology and Neurology Reviews, and on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for Lundbeck; and in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as a consultant for Lilly and Pfizer Inc. and on a speakers bureau for AbbVie Inc. and Impel Pharmaceuticals. The institution of Dr Friedman has received research support from Spinal CSF Leak Foundation. Dr Friedman has noncompensated relationships as a medical advisor with the Spinal CSF Leak Foundation, as a program co-chair for the Scottsdale Headache Symposium with the American Headache Society, and as a treasurer and a member of the board of directors with the Southern Headache Society that are relevant to American Academy of Neurology (AAN) interests or activities.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Friedman reports no disclosure.

Peter J. Goadsby, MD, PhD, FRS
Professor of Neurology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Professor Emeritus of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Goadsby has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., CoolTech LLC, Epalex Corp., Pfizer Inc., Praxis Precision Medicines, Sanofi, Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ShiraTronics, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. And as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for the Massachusetts Medical Society; in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as a consultant for Lundbeck and Sanofi ; and in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as a consultant for Amgen Inc., Lilly, and Novartis AG and on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for AEON Biopharma, Inc, and Man and Science. Dr Goadsby has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr Goadsby has noncompensated relationships in an executive role with the American Headache Society and as a trustee with the Migraine Trust and the Organisation for Understanding Cluster Headache (UK) that are relevant to American Academy of Neurology (AAN) interests or activities. The institution of Dr Goadsby has received research support from Celgene, Kallyope, and the National Institute for Health and Care Research.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Goadsby discusses multiple medications and therapies for the treatment of indomethacin-responsive headache disorders, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Rashmi B. Halker Singh, MD, FAAN
Associate Professor of Neurology; Director, Headache Medicine Fellowship Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Halker Singh has received personal compensation in the range of $0 to $499 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Current Neurology & Neuroscience Reports; in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a continuing medical education (CME) speaker with WebMD LLC; in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as a CME speaker with Pri-Med and on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for Pfizer Inc; and in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Headache. Dr Halker Singh has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Halker Singh reports no disclosure.

Nazia Karsan, PhD, MRCP
Postdoctoral Clinical Fellow, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Karsan reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Karsan reports no disclosure.

Jessica Kiarashi, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology; Headache Medicine Fellowship Director, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Kiarashi has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Cove.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Kiarashi reports no disclosure.

Richard B. Lipton, MD, FAAN
Professor, The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology & Population Health; Edwin S. Lowe Chair in Neurology; Vice Chair, The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology; Director, Montefi ore Headache Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Lipton has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Collegium Pharmaceutical, Cool Tech, Genentech, Inc., LinPharma, Merck & Co., Inc., and Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as a consultant for Axon Optics, GSK plc, and Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for AbbVie Inc.; in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., Amgen Inc., Biohaven, Ltd., Grifols, S.A., Lundbeck, Pfizer Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Vedanta Biosciences, Inc. and on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for Biohaven, Ltd., Lilly, and Lundbeck; and in the range of $50,000 to $99,999 for serving as a consultant for Lilly. Dr Lipton has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr Lipton has stock in Biohaven, Ltd. and Manistee Partners, LLC. The institution of Dr Lipton has received research support from AbbVie Inc., Amgen Inc., Axsome Therapeutics, Inc., Charleston Laboratories, Inc., Lilly, electroCore, Inc., the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Institute on Aging, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and the US Department of Veterans Affairs.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Lipton discusses the unlabeled use of amitriptyline, candesartan, lisinopril, memantine, metoprolol, and venlafaxine for the preventive treatment of migraine and the unlabeled use of calcitonin gene-related peptide–targeted migraine therapies for the preventive treatment of migraine in adolescent patients.

Stephanie J. Nahas, MD, MSEd, FAAN
Associate Professor of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University; Assistant Director, Headache Medicine Fellowship Program, Jefferson Headache Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Nahas has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Theranica Bio-Electronics Ltd., as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Springer, and as an expert/talent for a CME event with WebMD LLC; in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for HMP Global; in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as a consultant for Lilly and Lundbeck; and in the range of $50,000 to $99,999 for serving as a consultant for AbbVie, Inc. Dr Nahas has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Nahas discusses multiple medications and therapies for the treatment of cranial neuralgias, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , except for carbamazepine which is approved for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

Serena L. Orr, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health Sciences, and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Pediatric Neurologist, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Orr has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr Orr has noncompensated relationships as an associate editor with Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain and as an editorial board member with Neurology that are relevant to American Academy of Neurology (AAN) interests or activities. The institution of Dr Orr has received research support from the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Orr discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of the following treatments for children and adolescents, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): acetaminophen, amitriptyline, bupivacaine, cinnarizine, coenzyme Q10, the combined trigeminal and occipital nerve stimulator device, cyproheptadine, diclofenac, divalproex, eletriptan, eptinezumab, erenumab, the external trigeminal nerve stimulator device, flunarizine, fremanezumab, frovatriptan, galcanezumab, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, levetiracetam, lidocaine, magnesium, melatonin, metoclopramide, naproxen, naratriptan, nimodipine, onabotulinumtoxinA, ondansetron, pregabalin, prochlorperazine, propranolol, riboflavin, rimegepant, sumatriptan nasal spray, and ubrogepant for the treatment of migraine; verapamil for the treatment of cluster headache; and indomethacin for the treatment of primary stabbing headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and hemicrania continua.

Paul Rizzoli, MD
Chief, Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Rizzoli has received personal compensation in the range of $0 to $499 for serving as a consultant for CVS; in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for Theranica Bio-Electronics Ltd. and as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Harvard Health Publishing; and in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as an officer or member of the board of directors for Headache Cooperative of the Northeast. Dr Rizzoli has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of Dr Rizzoli has received research support from AbbVie, Inc.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Rizzoli discusses the use of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or CGRP receptors, onabotulinumtoxinA, and topiramate for the treatment of medication-overuse headache, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Matthew Robbins, MD, FAAN, FAHS
Associate Professor of Neurology; Director, Neurology Residency Program, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Robbins has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Springer Publishing Company. Dr Robbins has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr Robbins has noncompensated relationships as a board of directors member and education program speaker with the American Headache Society and the New York State Neurological Society and as an editorial board member with Continuum that are relevant to American Academy of Neurology (AAN) interests or activities.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Robbins discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of various medications and therapies for the treatment of new daily persistent headache, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Todd J. Schwedt, MD, FAAN
Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Schwedt has received personal compensation in the range of $0 to $499 for serving as a consultant for Amgen Inc.; in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Biohaven, Ltd. Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Axsome Therapeutics, Inc., Collegium Pharmaceutical, Theranica Bio-Electronics Ltd., Scilex Holding; in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., BioDelivery Science, and LinPharma; and in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., Lilly, and Lundbeck. Dr Schwedt has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr Schwedt has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr Schwedt has stock in Aural Analytics and Nocira LLC. The institution of Dr Schwedt has received research support from Amgen Inc., the Henry Jackson Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, SPARK Neuro, and the United States Department of Defense.

Self-Assessment and CME Test Writers

Nuri Jacoby, MD, FAAN

Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology, Co-Clerkship Director, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University; Vice Chair of Neurology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Jacoby has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for Argenx, and in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as an expert witness.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Jacoby reports no disclosure.

Adam Kelly, MD, FAAN
Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Stroke Division; Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Kelly has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Grand Rounds, as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and as a question writer for various educational offerings with the AAN.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Kelly reports no disclosure.

^AAll relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

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