Continuum Postreading Test 29(4) August 2023 (Sleep Neurology)

Contributors^a

Anita Valanju Shelgikar, MD, MHPE, FAASM,
Guest Editor
Director, Sleep Medicine Fellowship; Clinical Professor, Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Shelgikar has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as an officer or member of the board of directors for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Shelgikar reports no disclosure.

Margaret Blattner, MD, PhD
Clinical Fellow in Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Blattner reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Blattner discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of cataplexy in narcolepsy type 1; armodafinil, clarithromycin, flumazenil, modafinil, and traditional stimulants for the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia; armodafinil and modafinil for the treatment of hypersomnia; and amantadine, carbamazepine, IV steroids, lithium, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate for the treatment of Kleine-Levin syndrome.

Pablo R. Castillo, MD, FAAN
Professor of Neurology and Program Director of Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Castillo reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Castillo discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of trazodone for the treatment of insomnia.

Oleg Y. Chernyshev, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Chernyshev reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Chernyshev reports no disclosure.

Flavia B. Consens, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Consens reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Consens reports no disclosure.

Karin G. Johnson, MD, FAAN, FAASM
Professor of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Springfield, Massachusetts

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Johnson has received personal compensation in the range of $0 to $499 for serving as an officer or member of the board of directors for Save Standard Time. The institution of Dr Johnson has received research support from Avadel.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Johnson discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of acetazolamide, hormone replacement therapy, and montelukast for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Christine Juang, PhD, DBSM
Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Juang reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Juang discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of diphenhydramine, doxepin, gabapentin, hydroxyzine, mirtazapine, quetiapine, and trazodone for the treatment of insomnia.

Meena Khan, MD, FAASM
Clinical Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Khan reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Khan reports no disclosure.

Scott Kutscher, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Standford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Kutscher has received personal compensation in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as a consultant for Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Kutscher discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of diphenhydramine, doxepin, gabapentin, hydroxyzine, mirtazapine, quetiapine, and trazodone for the treatment of insomnia.

Joyce K. Lee-Iannotti, MD
Director, Sleep Disorders Center; Clinical Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Lee-Iannotti reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Lee-Iannotti reports no disclosure.

Roneil Malkani, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Neurologist, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Malkani has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Northwestern University.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Malkani discusses multiple medications and therapies for the treatment of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Beth A. Malow, MD, MS, FAAN
Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics; Burry Chair in Cognitive Childhood Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Malow has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. The institution of Dr Malow has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the US Department of Defense, and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Malow reports no disclosure.

Kiran Maski, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Maski has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a consultant for Alkermes, Eisai Pharmaceuticals, and Zevra Therapeutics and on a scientific advisory or data safety monitoring board for Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., and in the range of $5000 to $9999 for serving as a consultant for Harmony Biosciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited and as an expert witness for Hayes Legal Services. Dr Maski has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. An immediate family member of Dr Maski has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Sanofi and has stock in Sanofi. Dr Maski has received research support from Coverys, Harmony Biosciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)(5K23NS104267-2).

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Maski discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of cataplexy in narcolepsy type 1; armodafinil, clarithromycin, flumazenil, modafinil, and traditional stimulants for the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia; armodafinil and modafinil for the treatment of hypersomnia; and amantadine, carbamazepine, IV steroids, lithium, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate for the treatment of Kleine-Levin syndrome.

Althea Robinson Shelton, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Relationship Disclosure: The institution of Dr. Shelton has received research support from Harmony Biosciences.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Shelton discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of clonazepam, clonidine, cyproheptadine, daridorexant, doxepin, gabapentin, guanfacine, hydroxyzine, lemborexant, mirtazapine, pregabalin, ramelteon, suvorexant, tasimelteon, and trazodone for the treatment of insomnia; lithium for the treatment of Kleine-Levin syndrome; amphetamine derivatives, armodafinil, clomipramine, methylphenidate, modafinil, pitolisant, and venlafaxine for the treatment of narcolepsy; and clonazepam for the treatment of parasomnias, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Andrew R. Spector, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Spector has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as an expert witness for Shevlin Smith, and in the range of $10,000 to $49,999 for serving as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Neurology Today. The institution of Dr Spector has received research support from Harmony Biosciences. The institution of an immediate family member of Dr Spector has received research support from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Spector discusses multiple medications and therapies for the treatment of non–rapid eye movement parasomnias, none of which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Samuel A. Taylor Jr, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Taylor reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Taylor reports no disclosure.

Self-Assessment and CME Test Writers

D. Joanne Lynn, MD, FAAN
Clinical Professor Emeritus, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Lynn has received personal compensation in the range of $500 to $4999 for serving as a Continuum Self-Assessment and CME multiple-choice question writer with the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). Dr Lynn has stock in Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie Inc., Amgen Inc., Biogen Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Merck and Co. Inc., Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Zimmer Biomet. Dr. Lynn has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Lynn reports no disclosure.

Allyson R. Zazulia, MD
Professor of Neurology and Radiology and Associate Dean for Continuing Medical Education, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Zazulia reports no disclosure.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Zazulia reports no disclosure.

^AAll relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

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